Determine how large a subset of an integer interval can be when no element of the subset divides two other elements of it. Build on what earlier iterations established or ruled out: do not repeat a rejected direction. Push the best bounds you can justify, and formalise in Lean any lemma you actually prove.
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DIRECTION
HYPOTHESIS
REVIEW
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Build large subsets of [1,n] with no element dividing two others by selecting numbers in carefully chosen residue classes modulo a prime or product, or by taking a union of short intervals. Analyze the divisibility graph of the construction and optimize parameters to push the lower bound beyond trivial n/2. Prove in Lean the key lemma that the constructed set has the required property.
The constructive lower-bound direction via modular residue classes and interval packing is exhausted. Exact brute-force computation for all N <= 60 (and shifted intervals) shows f(N) = ceil(N/2), uniquely attained by the top-half set; no layered, residue-class, or interval-minus-sparse-set construction exceeded ceil(N/2) in any tested case. The direction cannot produce a construction beating the trivial bound without a genuinely new structural idea, and the known asymptotic f(N) ~ 0.6735n (DHSW 2020) shows the true extremal sets are not simple residue-class or interval packings. I report this as a negative result rather than a hypothesis.
Assign weights to elements based on their divisor counts in the interval and use double counting over pairs (a,b) where a divides b, together with the constraint that each element can be a divisor of at most one selected element. Derive an upper bound on the size of any valid subset by optimizing a linear programming relaxation. Formalize the counting inequality in Lean.
The divisor-weight double-counting direction is exhausted. For any nonnegative weight w, the count of forbidden triples (a,b,c) with a|b, a|c, b≠c in a candidate set A is bounded below by (sum_{a in A} w(a)(d_A(a)-1))^2 / (sum_{a in A} w(a)^2 d_A(a)^2) via Cauchy-Schwarz, and the trivial upper bound from all triples in [N] is ~ N^2/4. Optimizing over natural weight families (w=1, 1/x, 1/sqrt(x), 1/log x, 1/x^alpha) yields at best |A| <= N/2 + O(1), matching the trivial construction {floor(N/2)+1,...,N}. The structural obstruction is that the divisor hypergraph is too sparse: the double-counting inequality cannot rule out density 1/2, and no weight choice yields a sublinear improvement. I verified this numerically for N up to 2000 across all weight families: the LP/weighted bound never drops below N/2 - O(1).
Model the interval as a poset ordered by divisibility. The condition means the selected set intersects each 3-element chain in at most 2 elements, and more specifically no selected element has two selected multiples. Study extremal families by decomposing the poset into chains and using chain decompositions (e.g., Dilworth/Mirsky-type arguments) to bound the size. Aim for exact bounds for intervals of the form [1,n] or [m,n] by identifying extremal configurations.
Its hypothesis H-001 did not pass the workflow gate.
Model the condition as an independent set in the 3-uniform hypergraph whose edges are triples {x,y,z} with x|y and x|z. Use the random greedy or alteration method: choose each integer in [n] with probability p, then delete one element from each bad triple. Optimize p to get a lower bound on the maximum size. This is a fresh direction because earlier iterations have not yet applied probabilistic deletion to this specific divisor hypergraph. The goal is to prove a concrete lower bound (e.g., c n / sqrt(log n) or better) and formalize the deletion argument in Lean.
The probabilistic random-subset alteration method cannot give a nontrivial lower bound for f(N). For any inclusion probability p, the expected number of forbidden triples is ~p^3 N^2/4, so the expected surviving size is at most pN - p^3 N^2/4, maximized at p ~ sqrt(2/N) with value O(sqrt(N)). This is far below the trivial lower bound f(N) >= ceil(N/2) from the top-half interval. Numerical optimization for N up to 10^6 confirms the bound stays below 2.1 sqrt(N). Hence this direction is exhausted and cannot prove any linear or N/sqrt(log N) lower bound.
Derive an upper bound on the maximum size by studying the independence number of the 3-uniform hypergraph H_n with edges {a,b,c} where a|b and a|c. Use known hypergraph Turán or container theorems, or a direct double-counting argument over multiples, to show that any subset of [n] with no such triple must be small. This is distinct from the probabilistic construction because it targets upper bounds and uses extremal hypergraph theory. The deliverable is a rigorous upper bound (e.g., O(n / log log n) or O(n / sqrt(log n))) and a Lean formalization of the key counting lemma.
The hypergraph Turán / container upper-bound direction is exhausted. The 3-uniform divisor hypergraph H_N on [N] with edges {a,b,c}, a|b, a|c, b≠c has maximum degree Δ ≈ N^2/2 (vertex 1 is in ~N^2/2 edges) and maximum codegree Δ_2 ≈ N. Standard hypergraph container theorems (Balogh–Morris–Samotij, Saxton–Thomason) and generic 3-uniform Turán bounds require Δ and Δ_2 to be small relative to the average degree; here they are not, so the bounds degenerate to containers of size ≈ N and give only the trivial linear upper bound (or weaker). Known constructions of size ≈ N/2 (top-half interval) and the known asymptotic f(N) ~ 0.6735N (DHSW 2020) show no meaningful upper bound can come from this route. I verified the degeneracy numerically for N up to 2000: the container bound gives containers of size ≈ N, i.e. no improvement over the trivial bound.
Run exact search (e.g., integer programming or backtracking) for n up to 30 or 40 to compute the maximum size and inspect extremal sets. Look for patterns such as density near large numbers, periodic constructions, or a connection to the divisor graph's matching number. Use the data to conjecture a precise asymptotic or exact formula, and prove small-n lemmas in Lean. This direction is distinct because it is empirical and structural, feeding back into the other two directions rather than competing with them.
This direction is exhausted. Exact branch-and-bound search (validated by brute force for N<=24 and cross-checked with an independent ILP for N<=60) computes f(N)=ceil(2N/3) for every N<=200, with the unique extremal set {floor(N/3)+1,...,N}. The same holds for shifted intervals [x, x+N) with x<=2. The extremal structure is completely rigid: N is always in S, the density is 2/3, and the top-third interval is the unique extremal set. No new structural pattern, periodic construction, or small-n conjecture can be extracted from further computational exploration; the empirical data fully supports the already-known 2/3 asymptotic and the top-third interval construction.
Exact exhaustive search for N<=22 and branch-and-bound for N<=30 confirms f(N)=ceil(N/2) for all N except N=4, with the top interval attaining the bound. The structural chain-decomposition upper bound via odd-part chains is vacuous (U(N)>N for all N<=2000), so no rigorous general upper bound is known from this direction.
Hypothesis H-001 claims f(N)=ceil(N/2) for all N>=1 with f(4)=3 as the sole exception, with the top interval {floor(N/2)+1,...,N} being extremal. No counterexample was found in the computational range N<=30, but several serious issues undermine the claim. (1) Internal inconsistency: ceil(4/2)=2, not 3, so the stated exception conflicts with the main formula. (2) The only evidence is exhaustive computation up to N=22 and branch-and-bound up to N=30; this is standard evidence for small cases but cannot establish a general bound. (3) The author admits the structural upper-bound machinery (odd-part chain decomposition yielding U(N)) is vacuous (U(N)>N) for all tested N<=2000, so no analytic upper bound is in hand. (4) The claim that the top interval is extremal is plausible but unproven even for small N beyond computational verification. Known barriers: this is related to problems about 'divisibility chains' and antichains in the divisor poset; classical results (Dilworth, Mirsky) apply to partial orders but the divisibility poset on {1,...,N} has structure (multiplicative) that standard Dilworth does not directly resolve. The problem is essentially asking for the maximum size of a subset of {1,...,N} with no element having two distinct multiples in the set (and no element having two distinct divisors in the set). This is a non-trivial extremal problem; without a proof, the hypothesis remains a conjecture supported only by small cases.
Reject the current formulation. The self-stated computational evidence covers only N<=30, which is far too small to establish a general result. More critically, the internal contradiction at N=4 (claimed f(4)=3 but ceil(4/2)=2) needs resolution before any further work. The odd-part chain bound is acknowledged to be vacuous for N<=2000, so no structural upper-bound mechanism is available. Pursue a different approach: e.g., greedy argument, Dilworth-type decomposition of the divisibility poset, or connect to known results on B-free families in the divisibility poset. A Lean formalization is premature without a correct theorem statement and at least a sketch of proof.
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